(this was taken from naruto fever just cuz I dont want to write all this
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All right, now first let’s go a little more in-depth into what the eye is made of. The retina is a sheet of receptors at the back of the eye and is made up from two types of photoreceptor cells; rods and cones.
Rods detect light levels, which means they only pick up black and white images. In humans, these are more common near the edge of the eye. Now, there is only a limited number of space for rods and cones in the retina, so if you increase the count of one you have to decrease the count of the other.
Essentially, you must trade color perception for more detailed perception in black and white, which is largely what enables us to perceive motion.
Does that make even the least bit of sense? No? Crap, all right, how about rods detect motion and cones detect color, is that more understandable?
Okay, now since you can’t really increase the sensitivity of a rod, you would have to increase the number of them. One way is to severely decrease the number of cones. Well, this won’t work without sacrificing color, and Uchiha’s don’t seem to be colorblind typically, so that must not be it.
Another way is to make the retina bigger, but in order to get to the level Sharingan is you’d have to have pretty damned big eyes.
ok so is anyone following this so far?? I plan to write out the rest in my own words, hopefully simplifying it and maybe clearing up any questions